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112
Everybody is gone.
Evening is come.
Participle II as adverbial modifier
§ 148. The adverbial function and meaning of participle II can be seen only from the general meaning of the
sentence. In the vast majority of cases, when used adverbially, participle II is preceded by a conjunction, which
explicitly indicates the semantic type of the adverbial modifier.
Participle II may serve as an adverbial modifier of:
time, usually with the conjunction when or until:
He is very affable when spoken to, but naturally silent.
He won’t stop arguing until interrupted.
reason:
Deprived of his wife and son by the Spanish adventure, Jolyon found the solitude at Robin Hill intolerable.
condition, mostly with the conjunction if or unless:
I shall certainly give evidence on your behalf, if required.
John will speak for hours, unless interrupted.
concession, with the conjunction though or although:
Though asked in disarming sociability, Haldone’s question was loaded.
comparison, with the conjunction as if or as though:
“I get off the train,” he repeated as if hypnotized.
Predicative constructions with participle II
§ 149. Participle II forms the second (verbal) element of the objective with the participle construction and of
the absolute participial construction in two variants: non-prepositional and prepositional.
§ 150. The objective participial construction with participle II.
The objective participial construction with participle II consists of a noun in the common case or a personal
pronoun in the objective case and participle II forming a syntactical complex, in which the two components are
in a preducative relationship.
I must have my watch mended.
I never heard him spoken of badly.
Мне нужно починить часы.
Я никогда не слышал, чтобы о нем плохо отзывались.
The construction functions as a complex object to transitive verbs, mainly verbs (a) of causative meaning,
(b) of physical perception, (c) of wish:
a) to have, to get, to make
You must have your photo taken.
Where did you have your hair done?
I won’t have my best friend laughed at.
We must get our tickets registered.
The speaker made himself heard with the help of a microphone.
Besides the causative meaning suggesting inducement, sentences the verb to have may occasionally express
experience or possess participle II emphasizing the resulting state, as in: