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51
THE 18 CENTURY–OF WEALTH, TECHNOLOGICAL REVOLUTION AND POWER
Key words, terms and concepts:
A 1. War for Spanish Succession
2. The Duke of Marlborough
3. Blenheim and Gibraltar
4. The Union with Scotland (1707)
5. The Hanoverian Dynasty
6. The National Debt
7. The South Sea Bubble
8. Robert Walpole
9. Jacobite revolts–the old Pretender and the Young Pretender
10. William Pin "the Elder"
11. George III, "the Patriot King"
12. Boston Tea Party
13. The Declaration of Independence
14. Adam Smith "The Wealth of Nations"
1. Technological Revolution
2. James Watt
3. J. Wedgwood
4. Admiral Horatio Nelson, the Battle of Trafalgar (1805)
5. The Battle of Waterloo–the Duke of Wellington
6. Robert Owen
7. Wordsworth, Coleridge, Byron, Shelly, Keats
8. Turner, Constable
The end of the 17th century and the start of the new century, were the periods of wars in Europe. Britain
was involved into the Nine Years War (1688-1697) and the War for Spanish Succession (1702-1713). France
had become a permanent enemy, and the grand strategy of Britain was to stop the French expansionist policies:
to struggle against the French competition in trade, and also to interfere in the affairs of the Spanish Empire.
The Whigs in the British Parliament supported the interventionist foreign policy of William III of Orange
and his favourite general – John Churchill who was already the Duke of Marlborough. After the death of
Mary and William they were succeeded by Anne (1702-1714). Marlborough was the commander of the Army
and was successfully fighting against the French attempts to place a French prince on the Spanish throne. The
established Church and also gained free trade with England.
England, Scotland and Wales were united and became Great Britain.
The Tones opposed the military actions of their successful opponents, the Whigs.