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sentence (subject, predicate, predicative, object, attribute, adverbial modifier), by the common word-
building elements (suffixes, word structure).
If a group of words have the common lexical meaning of thingness (in a wide sense of the word); have
the forms player — players, player — player's, players — players'; are connected with adjectives, verbs,
articles, prepositions, and can be subject, object, predicative, attribute and adverbial modifier in a
sentence, they are united together under the name of nouns (N for short).
If the words have the common lexical meaning of action (in a wide sense of the word), have the forms
play — plays, play — played — will play, plays — is playing, plays — is played, play — have played,
etc.; are connected with nouns, adjectives and adverbs; can be predicate in a sentence, they are united
together under the name of verbs (V for short).
If the words have the common lexical meaning of property, have the forms kind — kinder — kindest;
are connected with nouns, adverbs, verbs; and can be attribute or predicative in a sentence, they are united
together under the name of adjectives (A for short).
If the words have the common lexical meaning of characteristic of a property or of an action, if they
are unchangeable in form or can have the forms fast — faster — fastest; if they are connected with
adjectives and verbs and can perform the function of adverbial modifier in a sentence, they are united
under the name of adverbs (Adv for short).
The study of the language resulted in naming certain parts of speech, they are presented in the
following chart.
The symbolic presentation of parts of speech will make the process of teaching and learning the
language more economizing and more enjoyable. It will also make the process of learners' looking up
words in the dictionary easier. The symbols will allow students to take quick notes. Symbols are part of
linguistic literature and knowing them will pave the way to understanding further reading on linguistic
topics.
The parts of speech picture should necessarily be compared with what exists in the Russian language.
The comparison of the English and Russian parts of speech systems shows that they are identical with
one substantial difference: there's the article in the English language, and no articles are to be found in the
Russian language. As to modal words, they can be treated as a group of adverbs (some linguists do so),
the words Yes and No are only two in number and may be moved to Interjections.
English notional parts of speech have been attended to so far. Now we'll mention most important
features of formal words and those words which are neither notional nor formal.
Formal words are subdivided into connecting and determining. The connecting formal words are
prepositions (prep) and conjunctions (conj). Prepositions show the relation of the noun to words of other
parts of speech in a sentence. They are unchangeable words connecting the noun, the pronoun, the