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cost mean
depend need
exist own
happen understand
lack want
possess
resemble
seem
The deep understanding of the features of parts of speech helps people foresee what the speaker will
say next. This ability of ours may be realized in the assignment of the restoration of the text/
story/conversation from which some notional or all formal words have been deleted. This type of activity
is called a cloze and is based on the natural ability of the listener to fill in the following word if you are an
attentive listener and are aware of the topic. The assignment can be looked upon as a teaching exercise or
a test to see whether or not the learners have acquired the offered material. It has a number of variations.
This test is always included in the EFC and its value may be high only because of it.
Complete this text. Use only one word in each gap. There is an example at the beginning 0.
Are You a Lark or an Owl?
Do you read the newspaper 0 while you have breakfast? If you do then you 1 ... be a "lark," or morning
type of person. "Owls," or evening types, tend not to spend much time over breakfast. They 2 ... little
appetite then, and, 3 ... they are usually late risers, they are short 4 ... time anyway. Around half of the
adult population are either morning 5 ... evening types; the rest fall somewhere 6 ... the middle. 7 ... can
be up to a twelve hour difference in the time of the day when the two types reach the point when they are
most alert and mentally at their 8 .... Larks tend to reach this point in the late morning, while owls 9 ... it
around 10 pm. For reasons 10 ... are unknown, evening types tend to be more adaptable 11 ... morning
types. For example, evening types can usually cope much better with shift work and jet lag, and 12 ... is
easier for an evening type to become a morning type than the other way 13 ... . Are we born 14... these
differences, or are they just formed 15 ... habit? We don't really know.
Key: 1 may/must; 2 have; 3 because/since/as; 4 of; 5 or; 6 in; 7 There; 8 best/peak; 9 reach; 10
which/that; 11 than; 12 it; 13 round; 14 with; 15 by/from.
Fill each gap in this story with one word only. The first is done as an example:
We were late as 1 usual. Michael had insisted on doing his packing by 2 ... , and when he discovered
that he couldn't manage he'd asked me for help at the last 3 ... . So now we had an hour to get to the 4....
Luckily, there wasn't much traffic on the 5 ... and we were able to get there just in 6 ... . We checked in
and went straight to the departure 7 ... to wait for our 8 ... to be called. We waited and waited but no
announcement was 9 .... We asked at the information 10 ... and the girl there told us that the plane hadn't
even arrived yet. In the 11 ... there was another announcement telling us that passengers waiting for Flight
LJ 108 could collect a 12 ... meal voucher and that the plane hadn't left Spain because of 13 ... problems.
We thought that meant that it wasn't safe for the plane to 14 ... . We waited again for 15 ... until late
evening when we were asked to report to the 16 ... desk again. They told us we would be spending the 17
... in a hotel at the airline's 18 ... .
The next morning after a sleepless 19 ... because of all the planes taking off and landing, we reported
back to the airport. Guess what had 20 ... while we were 21 ... ! Our plane had arrived and taken off again
leaving us 22 .... All the other 23 ... had been woken up in the night to catch the plane, but for some 24 ...
or other we had been forgotten. You can imagine how we felt!