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20
A Burial at Ornans - "Похороны в Орнане"
The Studio: A Real Allegory Concerning Seven Years of My Artistic Life - "Ателье: реальная
аллегория, определяющая семилетний период моей художественной жизни"
The Pavilion of Realism - "Павильон реализма"
The Universal Exposition - Всемирная выставка
Office for the Dead - заупокойная служба
TASKS
I. Read the text. Make sure you understand it. Mark the following statements true or false.
1. Courbet favoured Neo-classicism.
2. Courbet's art embodied the High Renaissance ideals.
3. Courbet's pictures dealt with historical events.
4. Goya had a strong impact on Courbet's works of art.
5. A special shed for a large exhibition of Courbet's paintings was called The Pavilion of
Realism.
6. Courbet set forth the principles of his art in a special monograph.
II. How well have you read? Can you answer the following questions?
1. How was Gustav Courbet characterised? What did he determine to create when he came to
Paris? What were Courbet's ideas concerning art? What paintings did the Parisian public favour at
that time?
2. What subjects did Courbet prefer to paint? Did the public understand The Stone Breakers.
What is depicted in this painting? What does its objectivity betray? What methods did Courbet use
to achieve the effect? How did Proudhon call this work of art?
3. What Courbet's work of art fulfilled his requirements for true history painting? What does it
represent? What does the arrangement of the figures recall? What did Courbet want to express by
placing the figures within these landscape limits? How did Courbet paint the faces? What makes
this canvas one of the strongest and noblest works of all French painting?
4. What happened in 1855? What is depicted in The Studio Why did Courbet show the
relationship between the artist and the sitters in such an unconventional way? What does the nude
model symbolise? How did Courbet group the figures? What did Delacroix say about this painting?
5. What did Courbet do during and after the revolution of 1870? Why was Courbet
imprisoned? What did Courbet do when he was in prison?
6. What happened to Courbet later in life?
III. i. Give Russian equivalents of tlie following phrases:
to remain obscure; the representation of objects; a champion of working-class rights; to
embody the ideas; to reject history painting; the paintings are concerned with events of; to practise
as an amateur; dehumanising labour; to lay paint on with a palette knife; the inescapable end; an
ordinary inhabitant; altar boys; pallbearers; the parish priest; simple dignity; sculptural density
recalling the prophets; in exile; the rocky escarpment; a parable from the Gospels.
ii. Give English equivalents of the following phrases:
оставаться в тени; отвергать историческую живопись; изложить принципы реализма;
скалистая стена; в ссылке; скульптурная масса, напоминающая пророков; неизбежный
конец; приходской священник; евангельская притча; защитник прав рабочего класса;
простой деревенский житель; изображение предметов; поддерживающий концы покрова (на
похоронной процессии); мальчик, прислуживающий в алтаре; наносить краску шпателем;
воплотить идеалы реализма.
iii. Make up sentences of your own with the given phrases.
iv. Arrange the following in the pairs of synonyms:
a) escarpment; extraordinary; amateur; betray; destiny; to decree; dismantle;
b) non-professional; fate; exceptional; wall; reveal; break down; to announce.
IV. Here are descriptions of some of Courbet's works of art. Match them up to the titles given
below.
1. The artist placed himself in the centre, at work on a completely visible landscape.