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5. a) after to stop the gerund is used when it suggests the end of the action denoted by the gerund, whereas
the infinitive is used as an adverbial of purpose.
Stop arguing!
(Перестань спорить!)
I
stopped talking.
(Я замолчал).
I stopped to talk to a friend of mine
(Я остановилась, чтобы поговорить с другом).
b) The phrasal verb to go on with a gerund suggests the continuation of the action, denoted by the gerund
and forms part of a compound verbal predicate; an infinitive points out a new stage in the sequence of actions.
The teacher went on explaining the use of verbals
(continued).
(... продолжал объяснять ...)
The teacher went on to explain he use of the gerund
after some verbs.
(... объяснял одно правило за другим .... т. е.
употребление герундия после разных глаголов).
6. The verb to allow is used with a gerund when it is not followed by an indirect object.
They don’t allow smoking here.
(Здесь курить запрещено).
They allowed us to smoke.
(Они разрешили нам курить).
The gerund and the verbal noun compared
§ 128. Although formed in the same way as the gerund, the verbal noun is another part of speech and has no
verbal features at all. The following table shows the main differences between the gerund and the verbal noun.
Table VI
The characteristics of the gerund and the verbal noun
Forms
Grammatical
characteristics
The gerund
The verbal noun
M
o
r
Voice and perfect
being done, having done
-
f
o
l
o
g
y
The plural form
-
sufferings, comings and goings
Direct object
I like doing morning exercises.
-
Of-phrase and
adjectival attributes
-
The doing of morning
Exercises was very good for me.
The regular doing of morning exercises
Adverbs as a modifier
Doing morning exercises regularly
will improve your health.
-
S
y
n
t
a
x
Articles
-
The doing of morning exercises.
The acting was perfect.
From the table we can see that the distinctive features of the gerund are its verbal categories in the sphere of
morphology and its verbal combinability. The distinctive features of the verbal noun are its nominal category of
number and its noun combinability. It must be taken into consideration that a verbal noun is an abstract noun,
and the use of the article and the plural form is determined by the requirements of the meaning and context.
It is more difficult to discriminate between a gerund and a verbal noun in cases where the verbal