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88
I declare you to be out of your mind.
He reported the boat to have been seen not far away.
6. After verbs of inducement (to have, to make, to get, to order, to tell, to ask, etc.) of which the first two
take a bare infinitive. In the construction some of them acquire a different meaning: make - заставить,
get -
добиться, have - заставить (сказать, чтобы ...)
I can’t get him to do it properly.
She made me obey her.
7. The objective with the infinitive construction also occurs after certain verbs requiring a prepositional
object, for example to count (up)on, to rely (up) on, to look for, to listen to, to wait for:
I rely on you to come in time.
Can’t I count upon you to help me?
The gerund
§ 116. The gerund is a non-finite form of the verb with some noun features. It is formed by adding the suffix
-ing to the stem of the verb.
The grammatical meaning of the gerund is that of a process. Thus to some extent it competes with nouns of
verbal origin, e.g. translating -translation, describing - description, arriving - arrival, perceiving - perception,
helping - help. Nouns, however, tend to convey the fact or the result of an action, which in certain
circumstances may be something material, whereas gerunds convey the idea of action or process itself.
Show me your translation: it is neatly done, and there, are no mistakes in it.
You will enrich your vocabulary by translating from English into Russian and vice versa.
If the meaning of the gerund is nearly the same as that of the noun, the former emphasizes the process, and
the latter - the fact:
Thank you for helping me.
Thank you for your help.
It is natural that the verbal character of the gerund is more prominent in transitive verbs, owing to their
combinability and their passive forms.
Morphologically the verbal character of the gerund is manifested in the categories of voice and perfect (see
table V) and syntactically in its combinability. Thus the gerund may combine: a) with a noun or pronoun as
direct, indirect or prepositional object, depending on the verb it is formed from; b) with an adjective or a noun
as a predicative; c) with an infinitive.
Gerunds can be modified by adverbs and prepositional phrases functioning as adverbial modifiers.
Gerund
Finite verb
I remember your telling me the story five years ago.
It’s no use arguing about trifles.
John dreams of becoming a sailor.
There is some chance of his being able to join us.
We enjoyed walking slowly along the silent streets.
You told me the story five years ago.
I never argue about trifles.
John became a sailor.
We hope he will be able to join us.
We walked slowly along the silent streets.