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41
participle II follow them.
In the negative-interrogative the corresponding negative-interrogative forms of shall/will are used in the
front position and the second auxiliary and participle II follow the subject.
The paradigm of the verb in the future perfect
Affirmative
Interrogative
I shall have spoken
He (she, it) will have spoken
We shall have spoken
You will have spoken
They will have spoken
Shall I have spoken?
Will he (she, it) have spoken?
Shall we have spoken?
Will you have spoken?
Will they have spoken?
Negative
I shall not (shan’t) have spoken
He (she, it) will not (won’t) have spoken
We shall not (shan’t) have spoken
You will not (won’t) have spoken
They will not (won’t) have spoken
§ 49. The future perfect is very rarely used either in conversation or in writing.
It is used to denote:
1. An action that both begins and ends before, a definite moment of time in the future (the exclusive
future perfect).
"I have no doubt," I said, "that I shall have seen anybody who is anybody by then."
You will have got my cable and I shall have received your answer long before this letter reaches you.
The moment in the future before which the action is to begin and end may be indicated by appropriate
adverbials or other verbs denoting future actions, or by the whole context or situation.
2. An action that begins before a certain moment of time in the future and goes up to it or into it. This
is the case when the action in question is expressed by statal verbs, which do not admit of continuous forms, or
else by certain actional durative verbs, such as to live, to study, to work, etc., which denote a process (the
inclusive future perfect).
She will have been in your service fifteen years next year.
The future perfect continuous
§ 50. Formation. The future perfect continuous is formed analytically by means of the auxiliary to be in the
future perfect (shall/will have been) and participle I of the notional verb.
Their interrogative, negative and negative-interrogative forms are built similar to other future forms.
The paradigm of the verb in the future perfect continuous
Affirmative
Interrogative
I
We
shall have been speaking
Shall
I
we
have been speaking
He (she, it)
You
will have been speaking
Will
he (she, it)
you
have been speaking?