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With a yell, he sprang back, a sweat coming on his skin ———> ... and a sweat came... (и кожа его
покрылась потом.)
3. Of time.
The car having stopped, the boys jumped out onto the grass ——> When the car stopped... (Когда
машина остановилась...)
4. Of condition.
Circumstances permitting, they will be through with it by the end of May ——> If circumstances
permit... (Если обстоятельства позволят...)
The absolute nominative with participle II construction is usually an adverbial modifier of attendant
circumstances or time:
1. Of attendant circumstances.
“Bye,” he said, and walked away, his farewell unanswered ——> ...but his farewell was unanswered,
(...но его прощание осталось без ответа.)
2. Of time.
Dinner served, Mrs Marlow rang the bell ——> When dinner was served... (Когда обед был подан...)
The absolute nominative with the infinitive construction
functions as an adverbial modifier of attendant
circumstances.
There they remained, some of them to be entirely forgotten ——> ...and some of them were to be entirely
Forgotten. (...причем некоторым суждено было быть полностью забытыми.)
The absolute nominative constructions with non-verbals differ from those described above in that their
predicate part is verbless, being expressed only by an adjective, stative, adverb or a noun with a preposition.
They are semantically in predicate relations to the nominal part of the construction. Therefore in case of
transformation an appropriate form of the link verb to be must be supplied.
He stepped forward, his face red with anger ——> ...and his face was red with anger.
I. The absolute nominative with the adjective construction may be an adverbial of attendant circumstances
or of reason:
1. Of attendant circumstances.
She stood under the tree, her head full of strange ideas ——> ...and her head was full... (...и голова ее
была полна...)
2. Of reason. .
Her heart full of despair, she could not say a word ——> As her heart was full... (Так как сердце ее
было переполнено отчаянием...)
II. The absolute nominative with the stative construction is usually an adverbial of reason or manner:
1. Of reason.