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The accident happened owing to bad driving.
Thanks to my parents I got a decent education.
A number of polysemantic prepositions acquire causal meaning when combined with nouns denoting a
psychological or physical state.
She couldn’t speak for happiness (anger, fear, joy).
She cried out of fear (anger).
She did it out of pity (spite).
Many people have come here from curiosity.
He was trembling with hatred.
Participial phrases and nominative absolute constructions are freely used as adverbials of reason, most often
with the verb to be and verbs of feeling, wish, or mental perception.
I was happy just being with him.
Wanting a cigarette, I took out my case.
There being nothing else to do, we went home.
The adverbial of purpose
§ 104. This adverbial answers the identifying questions what for? for what purpose? It is most frequently
expressed by an infinitive, an infinitive phrase or complex.
Jane has come to help us.
I’ve repeated my words for you to remember them.
The meaning of purpose may be emphasized by the composite prepositions in order or so as, which are
never used before an infinitive complex.
We must go early in order not to be late.
We hurried so as not to be late.
The adverbial of purpose may also be expressed by a noun, a prepositional phrase, nominal or gerundial,
introduced by the preposition for.
We reserved this table for lunch.
We use the thermometer for measuring temperature.
After the imperative of the verbs to go and to come another imperative is preferable to the infinitive, as in:
Go and help him. (Not Go to help him.)
Come and wash up. (Not Come to wash up.)
The use is optional for the verb to see.
Come to see me, or Come and see me.
Go to see him, or Go and see him.
The adverbial of result (consequence)
§ 105. The adverbial of result has no identifying questions. It refers to an adjective, a noun with qualitative
meaning, or an adverb accompanied by an adverb of degree, such as too, enough, sufficiently, so... (as). The
adverbial of result is expressed by an infinitive, an infinitive phrase, or complex.