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205
There is such a comic dignity about cats... Now there is nothing haughty about a dog.
Conjuncts do not express disjunctive connection.
Adversative conjuncts may be divided into the following subgroups:
1. Concessive:
however, nevertheless, nonetheless, notwithstanding, only, still, though, yet, in any case, at any rate, for
all that, at the same time, all the same.
Her voice still gave charm to her most commonplace remarks, yet it was different from the voice he
remembered.
Such an answer would have satisfied any one; it had no effect at all, though, on this shameless creature.
He was received with respect. Nevertheless he felt awkward.
2. Antithetic:
instead, oppositely, on the contrary, on the one hand... on the other hand, etc.
He could ask anyone about the house, instead he sulkily went from one house to the other.
3. Inferential:
else, otherwise, in that case, etc.
The man evidently suspected something, else he wouldn't have asked me all these questions.
Consecutive conjuncts are not divided into subgroups. They form one indivisible group:
accordingly, consequently, hence, therefore, then, thus, as a result.
She liked to be alone, hence she hated Sundays when everybody was at home.
Conjuncts often combine with conjunctions:
and so, but then, but though, or else, or again, and besides, and still, and yet, but still, but yet, and
nevertheless, but nevertheless, because otherwise, etc.
THE PARTICLE
§ 254. The particle is a part of speech the meaning of which is difficult to define. It either emphasizes or
limits the meaning of another word, or phrase, or clause. Particles are invariable and have no syntactical
function in the sentence. They form a whole with the part of the sentence (a word or a phrase) they refer to.
Particles may combine with any part of speech.
Don’t worry – that’s just Aunt Fanny practising her balancing act.
- John is very proud of his daughter. - I should just think so.
Isn’t that just beautiful?
She lives just round the corner.
I said just what I thought.
Just as we thought the sun would sink, it grew still redder.
Particles generally stand before the word they refer to but they may also follow it. This book is for advanced
students only.
According to their meaning particles fall into six groups.