 |
 |
 |
 |
|
 |
 |
121
I’ll have to read it again.
We shall have to give you a new copy of the book.
Since the negative form of must denotes a negative obligation or sometimes prohibition (sec item 2), it
cannot express absence of necessity which is expressed by needn’t.
-
Must I go? - No, you needn’t, if you don’t want to.
Must is used interchangeably with to be to for instructions, notices, or orders.
Passangers must cross the lines by the footbridge (the railway company instructs them to).
Applications for admission to the Students’ Room of the Department of Manuscripts must be
accompanied by a letter of recommendation.
This card must be surrendered with your room key on vacating Astor College.
All rooms must be vacated by 11 a.m. and the keys handed to the porter on the day of departure.
Guests must be out of the building by midnight.
In all the above cases must is preferable.
With a 2nd person subject must expresses an obligation which has the same effect as a command.
You must do as you are told.
You must be careful.
You must go now. I want to go to bed.
You must change your shoes, I won’t have you in here with muddy feet.
2. Prohibition. Such sentences are sometimes negative commands, corresponding to the Russian sentences
with нельзя, не разрешается.
The girl mustn’t go home alone.
It’s very late.
Cars must not be parked in front of this gate.
You mustn’t do that!
You mustn’t come into the ward, it’s against
the rules.
- Девочке нельзя идти домой одной.
- He разрешается оставлять машины перед воротами.
- He делайте этого!
- Нельзя заходить в палату, это запрещено.
3. Invitations.
You must come and see me sometime. - Вы обязательно должны навестить меня как-нибудь.
You must come and have dinner with us.
You must come and see our picture gallery.
This use of must renders emphasis to the sentence.
II. When combined with any form of the infinitive must expresses probability, near certainty. It has the
same meaning as the modal words probably, evidently. In this sense must occurs only in positive statements and
corresponds to the Russian modal words вероятно, должно быть.
He must be mad (it seems certain that he is mad).
He must be lonely (probably he is lonely).
With verbs which admit of the continuous aspect, the continuous infinitive should be used for reference to
the present.