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«Mother and father are away.»; «Did you look at home or in the office?»
B. Correlative Conjunctions - These are used in pairs to join two single sentences.
e.g. «either ... or»; «neither ... nor»; «not only ... but also» etc. (these may also be used to join two parallel
sentence elements of any kind: e.g. «Either you or I will give it to her»).
C. Connectors (or conjunctive adverbs)
The principal ones are: however; else; therefore; otherwise; moreover; nevertheless; futhermore; hence; also;
then; besides; accordingly; consequently; likewise; meanwhile.
D. Compound Connectors
These consist of more than one word: e.g. «in fact»; «on the contrary».
E. The semicolon (;)
This can be used without any other connector e.g. «Cowards may die many times before their deaths; the
brave men dies but once».
Exercises:
Now do the exercises related to Compound Sentence patterns in Unit 1 of Section II [Part II] above. Then
continue with Part IV of this unit (Complex Sentences).
IV. Complex Sentences (two or more sentences combined by subordination)
Sentences may be expanding by combining two or more simple sentences using subordinators. The result is
a complex sentence having a main clause and one or more subordinate clauses.
TYPES OF SUBORDINATE CLAUSES:
1. Noun clauses
A. Noun clauses in a subordinate clause used as a noun. He noticed her nervousness. He noticed that she was
nervous.
Like any noun, the noun clause can occur either as the subject of the sentence (before the verb) or in the
predicate (after the verb).
Types of Noun Clauses:
«Where he is going is a secret».
(subject of the sentence)
«That is what I think».
(as a predicate complement)
«I will give whoever wins the prize»
(as an indirect object).
«She will name him whatever she wants».
(as the complement of the object «him»)
«She worried about how ill he was».
(as the object of the preposition «about»)
«One fact, that he is brilliant, cannot be denied».
(as an appositive, in apposition to «fact»)
«Remembering what he said, I was careful to be
on time»
(as the object of the participle «remembering»)
«He asked her to read what he had written»
(as the object of the infinitive «to read»)
«Knowing that he is here is a comfort».
(as the object of the gerund [i.e. the present participle] «knowing»).
B. Subordinators which introduce noun clauses can be of the following types:
a. subordinate conjuction: e.g. how (I don't know how he can do it) why (I don't know why he does it» etc.)