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i. Journalism
ii. The Medical Profession
iii. Teaching (at the lower levels)
iv. Teaching (at the secondary and higher levels)
3. Why did the legal profession offer an effective solution to the problem of the elites?
4. A. Why is it that «a person need not earn a living by legal practice in order to be a lawyer?»(11.92-93 )
B. How does this fact explain the large number of underemployed lawyers?
C. How does it explain the relationship between the lawyerintellectuals and the political elites of the new
states?
5. A. Why does the writer bother to justify including the category of «students» among the intellectual elites.
B. How does he justify it? (Where, when and why were even high school students regarded as
«intellectuals?»)
6. A. When were the first student movements organized?
B. When and why did students first become politically active? intellectuals of underdeveloped countries?
C. How did it happen that The London School of Economics (which is not located in an underdeveloped
country) contributed more than any other educational institution «to the excitation of nationalistic sentiment»
(11,142-146)
D. «... were themselves formed in these milieux (1.156). In which milieux were these leaders formed?
E. Why was it necessary for future Third-world leaders to come to London or Paris to «acquire some degree
of national consciousness,» and «to feel how retrograde their own countries were» (11.152, 153)
7. Paragraph 16 gives us three explanations for «the political propensities of students.» What are they?
1.
2.
3.
8. A. In what way were India and Egypt worse off than Ghana, Nigeria, and Pakistan at the time this article
was written?
B. Why was this situation relatively bad in India and Egypt?
. Why was it somewhat better in Pakistan?
D. Why wasn't it at all bad in Ghana and Nigeria?
9. A. What is the difference between under— (or mal-) employment and unemployment?
B. How is this distinction related to the phenomenon of «hidden unemployment»?
ISOLATION
1.
«this combination of natural and artificial isolation» (II.28)
a. The «natural» isolation was the result of________.
b. The «artificial» isolation was the result of_______.