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204
The butler took his time far more casually, far more naturally, than if Dicky had offered to shake hands
with him.
His father was a vigorous out-of-door man, who was never happier than when he had a gun or a rod in his
hands.
THE CONJUNCTS
§ 253. Alongside conjunctions there is a numerous group
of conjuncts. They are words or phrases which
like conjunctions are used to link clauses, sentences and sometimes single words. Conjuncts are mainly derived
from adverbs:
further, moreover, again, besides, however, now, next, then, yet, still, though*, nevertheless,
notwithstanding, otherwise, else, therefore, thus, accordingly.
* Though as conjunct differs from the conjunction though: it in characterized by its non-fixed position and by its combinability
with other conjunctions (but though).
Three of them originated from particles: also, too, only; others are phrases: on the contrary, at the same
time, for all that, etc. Many of conjuncts, unlike conjunctions, are less fixed as to their position and often occur
in the middle of the sentence as a parenthesis.
Conjuncts express more specific relations than conjunctions. Those expressing a copulative connection may
be divided into several subgroups.
1. Enumerative:
first, second, etc., firstly, secondly, etc., next, then, last, lastly, finally, in the first place, in the second
place, etc.
First he bought a reading lamp, then pens and books.
2. Additive. Most of these suggest a reinforcement of what has already been said before:
again, also, further, furthermore, more, moreover, above all, etc.
Her husband was told that he was too old to work. More, he was discharged with no pension.
3. Equative, suggesting similarity in characterization or content:
equally, likewise, too, also, similarly, in the same way.
The boy was forbidden to go out. Younger children likewise stayed at home.
4. Summative:
then, thus, all in all, to sum up, then, etc.
5. Explanatory:
namely, in other words, for example (e.g.), for instance, that is (i.e.), viz., to wit, say.
6. Reformulatory:
rather, better, in other words.
7. Transitional, denoting temporal transition or indicating a continuation of the narration:
meantime, meanwhile, in the meantime, in the meanwhile, now, by the way, by the by.