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In the 1st person shall in this sense acquires a strong stress.
I want that prize and I ‘shall win it.
2. Threat or warning (shall is used in this meaning in the 2nd and 3rd person).
That day shall come.
She shall pay for it, she shall.
The child shall be punished for it. I won’t allow it.
Anyone found guilty shall be shot at once.
In the first two senses shall is used in affirmative and negative sentences.
3. A suggestion or offer
It is used in questions (and offers) in the 1st person singular and plural. Such sentences are translated into
Russian by the infinitive.
“Shall I get you a chair?” – “Yes, please.” Принести вам стул? - Пожалуйста.
Shall we begin? - Yes, let’s. (Нам) начинать? - Давайте.
Shall I read? - Please, do. Мне читать? - Читайте, пожалуйста.
The above three meanings are closely connected with the old meaning of obligation which is at present not
common in spoken English and which is normally confined to formal or archaic style (official regulations or
other documents).
The Society’s nominating committee shall nominate the person for the office of president (...должны
выставить кандидата...).
This meaning is found in subordinate clauses.
It has been decided that the nomination shall not he opposed.
Will
§ 163. Like shall, will is not a purely modal verb. It almost always combines its modal meaning with its
functioning as an auxiliary verb expressing futurity. Will has two forms: will for the present tense and would for
the past tense. Thus will and would are looked upon as forms of the same verb, although in a few cases their
meanings differ.
I. Will combined with the non-perfect infinitive expresses:
1. Willingness, intention, determination. It is often rendered into Russian by непременно, обязательно,
охотно. Would in this meaning shows reference to the past.
I will write as soon as I can. (Я непременно напишу, как только смогу.)
I will be there to help. (Я обязательно там буду и помогу.)
I can and will learn it. (Я могу выучить и обязательно это выучу.)
When he was young, he was so poor that he would do anything to earn some money. (... он согласен был
на любую работу, чтоб подзаработать.)
This meaning is often found in conditional sentences.
If you will help me we can finish by six.