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11
cut [k?t]
cut [k?t]
cut [k?t]
резать
hit [h?t]
hit [h?t]
hit [h?t]
ударять
hurt [h?:t]
hurt [h?:t]
hurt [h?:t]
причинять боль
let [let]
let [let]
let [let]
позволять, разрешать
put [put]
put [put]
put [put]
класть, положить
shut [?
?
t]
shut [?
?
t]
shut [?
?
t]
закрывать(ся)
split [spl?t]
split [spl?t]
split [spl?t]
раскладывать(ся)
spread [spred]
spread [spred]
spread [spred]
развертываться
upset [?р'set]
upset [?p'set]
upset [?p'set]
опрокидывать (ся)
расстраивать,
нарушать (порядок)
Pronunciation rules of the suffix –ed
The suffix -ed is pronounced in three ways:
1)
[id] when the verb stem ends in the dental consonants [d] or [t]:
skate - skated
chat - chatted
decide – decided
end - ended
2)
[d] when the stem ends in any voiced sound except [d]:
live – lived
travel - travelled
stay - stayed
change – changed
3)
[t] when the stem ends in any voiceless sound except [t]:
talk - talked
stop - stopped
wish – wished
place – placed
Spelling rules of the verb forms with the suffix –ed
1) The letter -d is added to stems ending in -e:
skate - skated
free – freed
2) In all the other cases the letters -ed are added:
stay - stayed
talk – talked
The final consonant letter is doubled if it is single and follows a short vowel in a stressed syllable:
nod - nodded
stop- stopped
stir - stirred
permit - permitted
refer - referred
compel- compelled
The final - l is doubled even in an unstressed syllable (British English):
travel - travelled
cancel – cancelled
In some words the final -p is doubled in the same position:
kidnap - kidnapped
handicap – handicapped
worship – worshipped
The final -y is changed to -i if it is preceded by a consonant:
cry – cried
reply – replied