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30
biog. biography, -er, -ical
bk., bks. book(s). Note that this abbreviation (e.g., Bk. II of 2 bks.) saves but one character.
ca. (or c.) circa "about" Used with approximate dates, e.g.
ca.1776; «ca.» is preferable to «c.» whic can also mean "chapter" or "copyright."
cf. confer "compare" Never use»cf. «when «see» is intended. Ger. «vgl.»; Sp. «cfr.»
ch.,chs. (or chap., chaps.) chapter(s)
col.,cols. column(s)
m. compiled, -er
d. died Lat. «ob.»; Ger. «gest.»
diss. dissertation
ed.,eds. (or edd.) editor(s), -ion(s), -ed by Some presses prefer «edn.» for «edition,» «ed.» for «editor.»
ed.cit. editio citata
"edition cited"
e.g. exempli gratia "for example". Rarely capitalized; no space between; preceded and followed by comma.
Ger. «z.B.»
enl. enlarged ( as in «rev. and enl. ed.»)
esp. especially ( as in «pp. 248-263, esp p.251»)
et al. (never et als.) et alii "and others"
et seq., seqq. et sequens, sequentia "and the following" But cf. «f.,ff.»
etc. (rarely &c.) et cetera "and so forth". Avoid using in text. Ger. «usw.»
ex.,exs.,
(or exx.) example(s)
f.,ff. and the following (with a space, after a numeral) page(s) or line(s) But exact references are preferable,
e.g., pp. 53-54 instead of pp.53f., pp.53-58 instead of pp. 53ff. (Some presses, e/g/, Harvard, prefer the style
«53f» — omitting the period.)
fac. (or facsim.) facsimile
fasc. fascicle
fig., figs. figure(s)
fl. floruit "flourished, reached greatest developement or influence"
fn. footnote Cf. '«n.»
fol. (or fo.),f0oll. folio(s)
front, frontispiece
hist. history, -ical, -ian
ibid. (sometimes ib.) ibidem "in the same place." i.e., the single title cited in the note immediately preceding.
Not to be introduced by «in.» Ger. «ebd.»