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242
UNIT 2. WHAT THE WRITER MEANS
...........................................................................................................................................................42
(AND WHAT HE ASSUMES THE READER ALREADY KNOWS).............................................................................................................42
SECTION II. DEALING WITH SENTENCE
.....................................................................................................................................................
43
UNIT 1. EXERCISES ON SENTENCE PATTERNS.......................................................................................................................................43
UNIT 2. COMPLEX. SIMPLE. COMPLEX
...................................................................................................................................................50
UNIT 3. REGISTER.............................................................................................................................................................................................51
UNIT 4. USING RELATIVE PRONOUNS TO FORM COMPLEX SENTENCE .....................................................................................51
UNIT 5. STRUCTURES WITH OMISSION ....................................................................................................................................................52
UNIT 6. THE USES OF PUNCTUATION ......................................................................................................................................................53
UNIT 7. DISTINGUISHING BETWEEN SIMILAR SENTENCES
..............................................................................................................53
UNIT 8. INDIRECTION: NEGATIVE CONSTRUCTIONS..........................................................................................................................54
UNIT 9. IMPLICATION......................................................................................................................................................................................56
UNIT 10. TYPES OF AMBIGUITY...................................................................................................................................................................56
UNIT 11. WHAT THE WRITER MEANS BUT FOR SOME REASONS PREFERS NOT TO SAY DIRECTLY...................................57
SECTION III. DEALING WITH PARAGRAPHS.............................................................................................................................................
58
UNIT 1. COHERENCE.......................................................................................................................................................................................58
UNIT 2. OLD AND NEW INFORMATION.....................................................................................................................................................60
UNIT 3. THE ORDERING OF SENTENCES IN A PARAGRAPH
............................................................................................................61
SECTION IV. DEALING WITH TEXTS
............................................................................................................................................................
63
UNIT 1. TYPES OF DISCOURSE.....................................................................................................................................................................63
UNIT 2. READING STRATEGIES
....................................................................................................................................................................64
UNIT 3. WHAT TITLES TELL US
....................................................................................................................................................................65
UNIT 4. DIFFERENT WAYS OF PRESENTING INFORMATION
............................................................................................................66
UNIT 5. TYPES OF SCHOLARLY....................................................................................................................................................................68
UNIT 6. GENERAL QUESTIONS AND ACTIVITIES THAT CAN (AND SHOULD) BE APPLIED TO ANY TEXT.........................68
UNIT 7. READING/WRITING ABSTRACTS...................................................................................................................................................70
UNIT 8. READING/WRITING A SUMMARY
.................................................................................................................................................73
SECTION V. APPENDIX.......................................................................................................................................................................................
74
UNIT 1. PARTS OF SPEECH............................................................................................................................................................................74
UNIT 2. SENTENCE PATTERNS
....................................................................................................................................................................76
UNIT 3. PUNCTUATION ..................................................................................................................................................................................84
UNIT 4. THE CONJUNCTIONS OR CONNECTORS OF ENGLISH
........................................................................................................86
UNIT 5. THE PREPOSITIONS OF ENGLISN
...............................................................................................................................................87
UNIT 6. COMMON CUES FOR THE READER (Devices That Further Coherence)
.............................................................................91
PART III. SHORT TEXTS
ANNUAL REPORT ON SPACESHIP EARTH..................................................................................................................................................
92
«WHAT REALLY MATTERED»
........................................................................................................................................................................
92
«WRITING OF WOMEN»..................................................................................................................................................................................94
«TO BE A WOMAN AND A SCHOLAR»..........................................................................................................................................................
94
«FILTERS AGAINST FOLLY»
..........................................................................................................................................................................96
CHIMPS EAT CHIMPS..........................................................................................................................................................................................
96
SIGNS IN THE WILDERNESS.............................................................................................................................................................................
98
MIGHTIER THAN THE PEN..............................................................................................................................................................................100
GETTING TO KNOW YOUR SYNCHRONIZED INPUT SHAFT.............................................................................................................101
WHAT IS A JOURNALIST'S «FACT»?............................................................................................................................................................102
AN INTERVIEW WITH JOHN NAISBITT,...................................................................................................................................................
103
CRIME AND POVERTY......................................................................................................................................................................................104
BANALITY AND TERROR................................................................................................................................................................................105
TWO ANALOGIES FROM THE NOVELS OF CHINUA ACHEBE
..........................................................................................................106
THE ECONOMETRICS SYSTEM.....................................................................................................................................................................108
SUBSISTENCE ALLOWANCE
.........................................................................................................................................................................110
SUBSISTENCE ALLOWANCE.......................................................................................................................................................................
110
IT'S ALL GREEK...................................................................................................................................................................................................110
THE MYSTERY OF LANGUAGE.....................................................................................................................................................................111
THE TASK OF MODERN PHILOSOPHY
.......................................................................................................................................................113
«PRICING THE PRICELESS CHILD»*
...........................................................................................................................................................113
«THE FRENZY OF RENOWN»
.........................................................................................................................................................................114
BOOK II
PART IV. LONGER READING
LEARNING THE HARD WAY
..........................................................................................................................................................................116
MAN OF WISDOM
...............................................................................................................................................................................................118
JAPANESE EDUCATION...................................................................................................................................................................................120
EDUCATING LAWYERS
...................................................................................................................................................................................124